Speech and language services concentrate on communication areas including language, articulation, voice, and/or fluency for students birth to age 21. This service can also aid in broadening areas of academic and functional needs.
Speech/Language Pathologists’ main responsibilities are working in the areas of articulation (speech production), voice (which involves pitch, quality and volume), and fluency (which is sound/syllable repetitions, blocking and use of conversation “fillers”). Speech/Language Pathologists also work in the area of language, which is described in more detail below. They are responsible for diagnostic testing in all of the above areas.
Iowa-Nebraska Articulation Norms
Listed below are the recommended ages of acquisition for phonemes and clusters, based generally on the age at which 90% of the children correctly produced the sound.
|
AGE
|
FEMALES
|
MALES
|
|
3
|
b, p, m, n, h, w, d, g, k, f
|
p, b, m, t, d, k, h, f
|
|
4
|
y, t, kw, voiced th
|
g
|
|
5
|
f, v, l, pl ,bl, kl, gl, fl
|
f, v, y, tw, kw
|
|
6
|
sh, ch, j, l, voiceless th
|
l, l blends
|
|
7
|
s, z, s blends, ing
|
ch, sh, j, voiced th, ing, s, z, s blends
|
|
8
|
r, pr, br, dr, gr, kr, fr, er
|
voiceless th, r, r blend, er
|
|
9
|
thr, str, spr, skr
|
thr, str, spr, skr
|
